The eyes are complex, and there are many parts that must work together to produce clear vision. A problem in any part of the eye can affect your vision.
External to the eyeball, eyelid shades and protects the eye. Lacrimal glands and meibomian gland produce tear film that lubricates the eye. Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelids which can further cause trichiasis if untreated. Meibomian gland dysfunction can cause ocular surface disease (OSD), dry eye disease (DED), sjogren's syndrome etc.
Conjunctiva is thin clear membrane covers the surface of the eye and inner surface of the eyelid. Bacterial or viral infection or allergy can cause inflammation results in conjunctivitis.
The light passes through the cornea, pupil and lens anteriorly, then through fluid filled vitreous chamber to reach the retina. The light signals received by the photoreceptors in the retina is then transmitted to our brain through the optical nerve. Any alteration or obstruction to the light path will cause vision problem.
For example:
Irregular corneal surface causes a condition called Keratoconus. Other conditions related to cornea include cornea ectasia, Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration, cornea ulcer, herpes simplex keratitis etc.
Clouding of the clear lens leads to cataract.
Retinal detachment, retinal tear, age related macular degeneration are conditions related to the retina. Problem with the blood supply to the retina can cause vision disturbance such as in the case of diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion.
Damage to the optical nerve results in glaucoma and other nerve related vision problems.
Uveitis is the inflammation of the middle layer of the eye. When Iris is affected, it is called Iritis.
Many of the conditions above can potentially cause vision loss. While some conditions are not preventable, early diagnosis, treatment and intervention can significantly reduce the chance of vision loss. It is recommended to see your eye care professionals if you have slightest doubt in any change of your vision. Regular checkup is the best way to keep on top of your eye health.
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